Critical pedagogy is committed to the development of theories and practices that expose and eliminate the underlying biases of traditional education. Critical pedagogy along with outdoor education can seek to eliminate anthropocentrism, the belief that humans are separate from and superior to all other life and have the right to dominate and…

Assessed attitude, computational preferences, and mental computational performance of 176, 187, 186, and 206 Japanese students in grades 2, 4, 6, and 8, respectively. Found wide ranges of performance on mental computation, that visual modes of presentation increased performance levels, and a narrow range of strategies. Contains assessments. (37…

Factor analysis of a version of the Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) and the Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) given to (n=173) introductory statistics students found 6 factors: general evaluation anxiety, everyday numerical anxiety, passive observation anxiety, performance anxiety, mathematics test anxiety, and problem-solving anxiety. (39…

Analysis of characteristics of rational numbers in magazines written for children, teenagers, and adults indicated that difficult mathematical concepts that appear in the media are much more prevalent in adults' magazines than in the others. Discusses numeracy demands of everyday life. Appendix contains coding scheme. (34 references) (Author/MKR)

Analysis of the role that (n=4) second graders' use of the hundred board played in supporting their conceptual development found that the board did not support the construction of increasingly sophisticated concepts of 10, but did support their ability to reflect on their mathematical activity. (54 references) (Author/MKR)

Emphasizes the importance of providing some curriculum aspects in which students experience a sense of ownership. Compares the English National Curriculum with a national assessment instrument to determine which instructional methods are preferred. Speculates on potential routes into higher education for secondary students. (CFR)

Highlights issues in teaching art curriculum courses in preservice teacher education. Discusses student self-confidence and conditions that are barriers to active engagement in art activities. Describes how preservice art teachers can develop personal autonomy and become reflective teachers. (CFR)

Reports on a study of the factors upon which teachers base student evaluations among 77 Italian students and 5 teachers. Presents a two-level model illustrating seven major topics used by teachers for their evaluations. Includes two tables, two figures, and two appendixes illustrating the model. (CFR)

Maintains that, while geographers have been using films for some time, it is only recently that the full power of this medium has been recognized. Argues that teachers should be aware of subtexts within films that mark significant cultural and political biases. Discusses a list of films used in a college introductory geography course. (CFR)

Maintains that writing ability is vital in fulfilling geography discipline objectives of mutual understanding and emancipation. Reports on a study of the use of writing groups in college geography classrooms in the United States and Australia. Includes a student essay evaluation guide as an appendix. (CFR)

Describes a study by British researchers that attempted to describe progression in learning in terms of a common framework for all students. Elementary school students completed periodic interviews while being taught measurement skills. Results found a wide spread of attainment in measurement in each age range but less clear progression between…

Reports a study of teachers' and students' perceptions of effective teaching and learning in British secondary schools. Interviews indicated that students and teachers felt learning opportunities were heightened when using transactional teaching, and opportunities for transactional teaching were limited by the presence of certain conditions. (SM)

A longitudinal study examined developments in preschoolers' understanding of literacy and numeracy, comparing learning models based on adult-child interactions or on children's learning processes at preschools with varied reflectivity levels. Children's understanding of symbols related to literacy and numeracy. Developments in their understanding…

Explores how students understand and develop strategies for handling the pressures of 10th grade, examining students' attitudes toward different learning contexts. Data from a longitudinal study of students' educational experiences suggested that 10th grade brought a considerable shift in learning pace and style, with students more pressured to…

Examines young children's learning, focusing on strategies used to apply old knowledge in new learning. Data from a longitudinal study of early elementary students' mathematical knowledge indicated that children's abilities to learn were strongly influenced by their understanding of the contexts in which they were required to participate in…