Models of small business training in Britain include promotion of enterprise culture, creation of entrepreneurial attributes, technical/management skills training, and business plan development. Various institutions offer training: universities, technical colleges, enterprise agencies, and nongovernmental and community development agencies. (SK)

In India, a survey of samples of 126 business owners with entrepreneurship training and 120 without found that trained owners broke even significantly sooner and had lower capital-outlet ratios. Another study of 2 groups of 30 found trained owners had significantly higher personal earnings, company profits, and numbers employed. (SK)

Evaluation of the British Graduate Enterprise Programme, which assisted first-time owners with business startup, found that fewer new businesses would be started without training, training costs were matched or bettered by profits by the third year of business, and training funds spent by government attracted twice as much in bank or private…

At a Welsh university, an experimental program to encourage creativity evolved into a mainstream course on innovation. The modular program seeks to give students understanding of pressures for change, theoretical models of innovation, techniques to enhance abilities, and protection of intellectual property. (SK)

Four British teachers were observed for one year teaching classes with and without an enterprise approach. They did not teach in a predominantly student-centered way in enterprise lessons, though they were less directive. Tasks in enterprise classes had minimal intellectual challenge and did not emphasize open-ended inquiry. (SK)

A coalition led by the National Society for Promotion of Industrial Education gained passage of the Smith-Hughes Act in 1917, but natural antagonisms quickly dissolved it. The coalition included unions, manufacturers, professional educators, political parties, farmers' groups, and home economics groups. This diverse group's accomplishment is a…

Two social welfare reformers in Cincinnati, Edith Campbell and Helen Woolley, used research on sex-typed jobs to influence the establishment of industrial training programs for girls early in the twentieth century. (SK)

Survey responses from 83 of 100 public technical college employees found that support workers had significantly greater levels of content and structural plateauing in their careers. Professional/technical employees had greater structural plateauing than did teachers and administrators. (SK)

At the turn of the century, Taylor and Ford introduced new concepts of organizing the workplace that radically changed the skills, knowledge, and work habits needed in manufacturing. As global changes redefine work today, vocational education should focus on developing a system of knowledge to educate manufacturing workers. (SK)

In interviews with six secondary-school business teachers who had won teaching awards and six others, both groups agreed that student success is at the center of their career. Award winners perceived stronger administrative support, felt better prepared by teacher education courses, and were more committed to professional associations. (SK)

Although Native Americans are among the fastest growing ethnic groups, educators and counselors frequently understand little about their cultural heritage and customs. This overview of factors such as cooperation/competitiveness, communication, and learning styles should help educators and counselors to promote multicultural awareness and to…

The people of the generation referred to as "baby boomers" are often involved in spiritual examination. These people are important to counselors because one of their common characteristics is a valuing of psychotherapy and self-help. As counselors, understanding a client's belief system provides very important information in offering interventions…

This study investigates the learning styles of college majors using the Canfield model. Disciplines differed significantly regarding style. Students majoring in mathematics and science fell into the applied categories more often than those students majoring in humanities, social science, and education, who fell mainly into conceptual categories.…

This research investigates the personal meaning that empowerment has for six women in leadership positions who were identified by their peers as empowerers of others, to discover how the women empowered others, and to define the term empowerment. The term was explored as both an intrapersonal and interpersonal process. (JPS)

High school seniors from 13 schools in a suburban Southern community responded to a questionnaire concerning reasons that they stayed in school rather than dropping out. Results suggest that school personnel demonstrated specific behaviors that were conducive to keeping potential dropouts in school. (Author)