More than half the children with HIV infection in the United States now live long enough to attend school. However, most studies of teachers' knowledge and attitudes about HIV in schools have not assessed content that is relevant to the needs of preschool or elementary-aged children with HIV or AIDS. We propose that content included in teachers' training and assessment should be specifically related to HIV/AIDS in young students, including transmission of HIV in the classroom, routes of HIV transmission in children, disease processes for children with HIV, effects of HIV on intellectual and emotional functioning, and safety procedures in the classroom. The assessment of attitudes will also be critical to the success of any training program, and we discuss issues that affect teachers' attitudes about having children with HIV or AIDS in their classrooms.