Results confirm the hypothesis that identity and equivalence conservation require different mental processes. (Authors/MB)

A study of probability learning using a noncontingent binary prediction situation to evaluate the effect of pretraining reinforcement schedule. (author/MB)

Boys IQ was positively correlated with paternal nurturance, and negatively correlated with paternal restrictiveness. (Author)

Authors demonstrate that a simple algebraic analysis renders previous interpretations superfluous, making overlap" a tautology and not a hypothesis. (Authors/MB)

Results indicate that identity conservation generally does not precede equivalence conservation; instead the two conservations tend to co-occur. (Authors)

Study was aimed at determining whether positive adjectives and negative adjectives possess the oppositeness" (mutual exclusiveness) necessary for their conceptualization as defining the extremes of a single dimension of meaning. (Authors)

Multiple regression analyses of data from 449 children indicated statistically significant relationships between moderate levels of prenatal alcohol exposure and increased errors, increased latency, and increased total time on the Wisconsin Fine Motor Steadiness Battery and poorer balance on the Gross Motor Scale. (RH)

Adolescents and young adults with developmental dyslexia and matched normal and disabled controls were asked to tap in time to a metronome at three rates by moving the index fingers of both hands in unison, in rhythmical alternation, or in more complex bimanual patterns. Dyslexic subjects showed significant deficits on asynchronous, but not…

When 2,142 students in Grades 3, 7, and 11 were tested on 6 motor tasks, performance decrements resulting from fatness were found for boys and girls equally and constantly across the grades. Boys exhibited progressively greater performance superiority across grades. However, for specific tasks, an age-related decrease was found in degree to which…

When imitated, toddlers were more likely to continue to act on an object; if continuing, repeat the same action on the object; generate games, especially imitation games, and look at their partner's face. These social influence processes are thought to operate naturally in peer interactions and contribute to the behavioral organization that…

When entering the play of children they did not know, disliked children were less responsive to peers and more likely to make irrelevant comments than were liked children. With acquainted peers, disliked children were not only less responsive and more irrelevant than liked children, they were also less likely to clearly direct their communication…

When coached in leading peers, asking questions of peers, making comments to peers, and supporting peers, trained children showed significant increase in their use of comments and leads and improved in questions and supports, whereas controls showed little change. Increases in skill use in the classroom with peers was correlated with improvements…

Direct defiance and passive noncompliance decreased with age, while simple refusal and negotiation increased with age. Five year olds who used skillful forms of resistance were more skillful when directing requests to mothers. Only unskillful noncompliance predicted later ratings of behavior problems. Sex differences and associations between…

A 2-year study concludes that cognitive and developmental changes are less important determinants of children's television use than are family patterns and external variables affecting the opportunity to view. Subjects were 326 children within 3 months of their third or fifth birthdays at the beginning of the study and their families, most of…