Results indicated a fairly consistent relationship between Home Observation for Measurement of Environment (HOME) scores and children's developmental status in spite of the fact that there were some ethnic and social status differences in the relationship. Measures of specific aspects of the child's home environment were more strongly related to…

To test for interhemispheric difficulties associated with dyslexia, this study assessed bimanual coordination in dyslexic and nondisabled boys using an Etch-a-Sketch-like task. Dyslexics showed significant impairments on mirror movements, and often unknowingly reverted to parallel movements when visual feedback was removed. (RH)

Investigated the range and limits of cognitive reserve capacity as a general approach to the understanding of age differences in cognitive functioning. Group differences were magnified by training to such a degree that age distributions barely overlapped at posttests. The testing-the-limits approach promises increased understanding of cognitive…

Among 36 newborns, Infant Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) activity level, responsivity, and irritability exhibited stability from 2 weeks to 2 months and from 2 months to 12 months. Irritability was stable from 2 weeks to 12 months. IBQ ratings generally increased by year's end. (RH)

Revealed a pattern of infant hemiface expressive asymmetry not predicted from adult-based models of emotional asymmetries. Infants' right hemiface bias resides in the actual expressive configuration of the central facial features, rather than in peripheral aspects of the face. (RH)

Data from 6-, 8-, and 11-year-old children revealed that the tendency to make personalized inferences of appraisals was more clearly associated with sociometric status than with cognitive capacity measures. Findings provide clues to the development of children's reasoning about emotions. (RH)

Results of three studies suggested that children's play was mediated by their age, playmates' sex, and play props. Children's behavior seemed to change with age and with the children's consideration of the sex-role appropriateness of interacting in particular play areas and with particular peers. (RH)

Subjects were first, third and fifth graders of high, low, and average status who were observed during recess. Results suggested the need for additional consideration of contextual factors for a more complete understanding of the entry process. Prior findings from laboratory analogue research appeared to replicate in naturalistic conditions. (RH)

Suggests that a positive and negative nomination sociometric has no negative effects on school-age children's social interactions or reports of negative mood state or loneliness. Results of a debriefing questionnaire were generally consistent with previous reports that children enjoy participating in studies involving sociometrics. (RH)

Boys expected less guilt and less parental disapproval for aggression than did girls. When provoked, children expected more tangible rewards, less guilt, and less parental disapproval than when not provoked. (RH)

Multiple regression analyses on data from 421 children indicated that mother's use of more than 1.5 ounces (approximately three drinks) of alcohol per day during pregnancy was significantly related to average IQ decrement at four years of age of almost five IQ points even after adjustment for numerous variables. Readers cautioned against using…

Tested the hypothesis that development of secure attachments is predictable from synchronous, and insecure attachments from asynchronous interactions across the first year. Findings from 30 dyads (10 secure, 10 avoidant, 10 resistant) supported the hypothesis at one and three months, with synchronous interaction observed at significantly,…

Analysis of data from 194 employed mothers and 104 employed fathers, each with an employed spouse and a three- to four-year-old child, suggested that men's and women's degree of investment in parenting is more consequential for their socialization practices and views of their children than is their degree of investment in work. (RH)

Results of this study of 96 sibling dyads demonstrated necessity of going beyond the examination of between-group differences in the study of divorce effects to look at the processes by which developmental outcomes for children are enhanced or undermined. Findings draw attention to the heightened vulnerability of dyads containing older boys in…

The purpose of this study was to replicate the "basic training" structural model in Patterson's (1982) coercion theory, extending its scope to single-mother families with younger (six- to eight-year-old) boys. Significance of the successful replication was seen to lie in implications for the generalizability of the model across family structure…