This longitudinal study evaluates age/cohort and sex differences in personality by administering the Cattell 16 Personality Factor Test four times over an eight-year period to 331 men and women who were 54 to 70 years old at the time of the first measurement. (CM)

Studies the development of children's understanding of the multiple determination underlying human behavior. Subjects were kindergarten children, fourth, eighth, and twelfth graders. (CM)

Focuses on possibility that correlations between measures of environment and child devleopment can be mediated genetically as well as environmentally. Proposing an elementary model to test this hypothesis, data from classical adoption studies and new data from the Colorado Adoption Project are used to illustrate the model and provide quantitative…

Data from a nationally representative sample of 55,000 households were used to examine effects of selected background variables on use of substitute care by employed women with infants under one year old. Although all background variables were significantly related to choice of substitute caregiving arrangements, degree of association was only…

Observed in group day care settings, responses to distress in peers were examined in 10 abused toddlers and 10 matched controls from families experiencing stress. Early development of "abusive" behavior patterns in toddlers who have been subjected to physical abuse and later behavior of abused individuals as parents are discussed in relation to…

Self-care children were compared with control children in adult care to investigate whether self-care (latchkey) arrangements have negative consequences for children. On several measures of children's social and psychological functioning, no significant differences were found between two matched samples. (Author/DST)

Data from a national study of delinquency prevention programs were used to examine the effect of teenage employment on delinquent behavior in preadolescents and adolescents. Models examined suggest working decreases school attendance and dependence on parents for some subgroups, but these effects are not translated into increases in delinquency.…

Through written responses to a questionnaire, adolescents' perceptions of discussions with parents and friends were examined with reference to academic/vocational, social/ethical, family, and peer domains. Findings are discussed in terms of differences in procedures of social construction between parents' and friends' socializing influences.…

This study attempted to determine what expectations or beliefs adults might hold about a child based on his or her sibling status alone. Ratings on 50 adjective pairs for each of three sibling status types, only, oldest, and youngest child, were assessed in relation to adult expectations, birth order, and parental status of rater. (Author/DST)

Four experiments conceived with children's responses to, and judgements of ambiguous verbal messages were presented, demonstrating that 5-to-9 year olds were more likely to respond differently to ambiguous and unambiguous messages if they were prevented from pointing at potential referents. (Author/DST)

Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that first-grade beginning readers could evaluate the referential-communicative adequacy of simple, two-word messages better if they received oral-plus-written messages rather than oral-only messages. Results indicated that oral-plus-written messages were significantly easier for children to…

In Experiment 1; English-speaking preschool children were given sentence verification task to study development of concept of truth-functional negation. Expereiment 2 was a cross-linguistic replication with Korean-speaking preschool children. Despite same cross-linguistic differences in negation system, Korean-speaking children showed essentially…

In order to determine how use of responsive listener cues (e.g. head nods, yesses, smiles, etc.) changes over preschool years, children were videorecorded as they listened to an adult speaker talk about his experiences. Age and sex differences in preschoolers' responsive behaviors are discussed as well as the relationship between the development…