This study was designed to determine the age relationships for each type of perceptual strategy used by nonconserving children during tests of conservation of quantity. The results indicate that the type of perceptual strategy reflected in children's answers varied with their age. (JMB)

This study used both verbal and videotape presentation techniques to assess the role of cognitive conflict in children's moral judgments. The results indicated that the children presented problems via videotape based their moral judgments on intentions, while verbal presentation increased the number of moral judgments based on damage. (JMB)

This article reports two experiments which show that 4-year-old children can make transitive inferences when labeling strategies are precluded to prevent memory problems. (JMB)

Significant differences were found on measures of personal space gathered from 74 3-, 5-, and 7-year-olds when they approached boys or girls of their own age. Three-year-olds kept less distance than 5- or 7-year-olds and all subjects kept less distance from girls than boys. (JMB)

Developmental and experiential determinants of self-image disparity were examined in normal and maladjusted children. No support was obtained for the Rogerian position that maladjustment was related to self-image disparity. Children's self-images appear to be influenced by experiential as well as cognitive-developmental factors. (JMB)

The ability to identify the emotional content of vocal expressions was examined for Canadian and Mexican boys, ages 6-11. The Mexican children performed better overall, although children from both countries did better with the Mexican speech samples. Performance was found to improve with age. (JMB)

Observations of social and dependency behavior were made on 48 children in two nursery schools. The findings indicate that in settings with higher teacher/child ratios, children interact significantly more with adults and less with peers. (JMB)

Twelve 10-month-old infants were found to smile reliably more often at novel adults than at familiarized adults. These results are consonant with the proposition that the infant's smiles at new persons represent his active exploration of them. (JMB)

Children classified as high-anxious reflective in cognitive style were found to perform as well on speeded tasks as low-anxious reflective children and both groups were found to be faster and more accurate than impulsive children. This suggests redefining cognitive style to stress the strategies used rather than predispositions for particular…

No differences were found between home-care and day-care 4- and 5-year-olds on dependency measures. However, home-care girls sought proximity toward their mothers significantly more often than home-care boys, while day-care girls did not differ from day-care boys. This suggests that day-care children may be less sex typed than home-care children.…

When comparing rows of dots in length or number, some children used number strategies and some length strategies. After training to correct missed items, errors were made on previously correct items. These findings are interpreted with reference to the distinction between having a dimensional strategy and attaching it to appropriate situations.…

Cardiac and behavioral reactions to strangers were measured in 5-, and 9-month-olds. Results indicate that: (1) behavioral differences between 5- and 9-month-olds are reflected in heart rate differences, (2) there are differences in heart rate but not behaviors when mothers are absent, and (3) heart rate response is linked to affective expression.…

This study suggests a fifth Piagetian stage and offers empirical evidence in its support. Piaget's traditional fourth stage (formal operations) is operationally defined as the problem-solving stage and the suggested fifth stage as the problem-finding stage. The commonly accepted criteria for a stage model are applied. (JMB)

This article presents an argument, based on psychological research and inferences about human evolution, for the plausibility of an intrinsic altruistic motive. A theoretical model for the development of such a motive is outlined. (JMB)

The effects of thinking happy, sad, or angry thoughts on aggression and altruism were investigated with third graders. None of the treatments had any effect on altruistic behaviors, but all three increased aggressive behaviors in boys and decreased them in girls.