Presentation of a "natural experiment" problem situation to fourth, sixth, and eighth graders and college students revealed that not until adolescence could subjects isolate alternative or additive causes in a multivariable situation. (JMB)

A sample of 86 college students aged 18 to 35 years of age were asked to solve three formal operations tasks and to participate in a problem-finding task. No relation was found between performance on problem-finding and the formal operations task. (JMB)

Seventy-eight 8- and 9-year-old subjects were randomly assigned to success, failure, and control conditions involving a test of intellectual ability. Subsequently, they were exposed to a resistance to temptation test involving play with a forbidden toy and measures of latency were taken. (JMB)

To determine if the modality in which children represent information in memory influences the process by which problems are solved, problem-solving strategy of deaf and hearing 10-year-old children was compared on a concept-discovery task. (JMB)

College students and working youth between the ages of 18 and 21 were approached in public places and asked to volunteer for an interview. A total of 57 participants responded to a semistructured Ego Identity Status Interview and an Ego Identity Incomplete Sentence Blank. (JMB)

Second and fourth graders studied a 40-word list under various task conditions designed to induce differential depth of encoding of the individual items. In a subsequent free- recall task, the depth of encoding manipulation affected the fourth graders' performance more than the second graders' performance. (JMB)

A 5-trial social-conditional reasoning task was administered to 80 children between the ages of 3 and 6 years. The results indicated that by 4 years of age children are able to reason from a premise to its logical conclusion in reasoning about the probable behavior of others. (JMB)

Maternal and substitute care were compared in two groups of 5- and 6-month-old infants. Although significant differences favoring maternal care were found, mother-reared infants were comparable to the substitute-care group on 16 of 17 measures of infant functioning. (JMB)

A total of 85 girls and boys aged 7, 10, and 14 years told stories involving nurturant adult characters and dominant adult characters. Differences in the relative mention of male and female characters were used to measure sex stereotyping and sex orientation. (JMB)

A measure of causal attribution of emotion using a simple, realistic task with responses requested in segments was employed to investigate 40 kindergarteners' understanding of the causes of emotions in others. (JMB)

Examined 3 methodological issues in the use of Kohlberg's Moral Judgment Scale: (1) test-retest reliability, (2) consistency of moral judgment stages from one dilemma to the next, and (3) influence of subject's verbal facility on the projective test scores. Forty children in grades 3 and 5 participated. (JMB)

Compared the scores of 29 father-present and 29 father-absent second grade boys on sex role orientation (Draw-a-Person and Drawing Completion Test), sex role preference (Drake Preference Test), and sex role adoption (Vroegh Test). (JMB)

Maternal stimulation during infanct feeding was compared for groups of 4-month-old bottle-fed and breast-fed, normal and high-risk infants. (JMB)

A total of 153 children in first to fifth grades were given a mood induction followed by measures of generosity and incidental attention. (JMB)

This paper questions the assumption that a central processing deficit exists in the speed of performing mental operations by children as compared to adults. Two hypotheses are proposed and data are cited as evidence. (JMB)