This study attempted to determine whether a shift from complementary to similarity concepts occurred in preschool children prior to the shift from concrete-similarity to abstract-similarity concepts and had been observed among elementary school children. (Author/SB)

Research demonstrated successful discrimination in twenty 6-week-old infants when cardiac rate responses were employed in a no-delay rather than in the conventional discrete trials paradigm. (Author/SB)

This study investigated the relationship of physical manifestations of sex hormone influence to cognitive functioning in a longitudinal sample of 106 adolescent males and 99 females (ages 13, 16, and 18 years). Analyses of the 35 males and 40 females who had all cognitive and physical data at all three ages are reported here. (Author/SB)

The relation between Matching Familiar Figures Test performance and Piaget's construct of perceptual activity was examined with 48 third- and fourth-grade boys. (SB)

This study assessed the adequacy of Gewirtz's interpretation of vicarious reinforcement and examined the development of responsiveness to vicarious reinforcement in an experiment in which 98 children (21/2-5 years) performed a discrimination problem while being exposed to a model who was either rewarded or punished on each trial. (SB)

A total of 76 male infants in the kibbutz, Bedouin, middle and lower-class environments were observed during the equivalent of a waking day. Data include: total rate of stimulation to which infant is exposed from as many as 8 familiar people; and mother's responses as a percentage of total response rate. (MS)

A total of 122 kindergartners, third and fifth graders viewed 30 pictures of familiar objects and interested on their free recall of the object names and their recognition of the original pictures. Half received instruction in adult recognition strategies, half in adult recall strategies. (MS)

A total of 72 children, 36 each from first and sixth grades, were given a 70-item study list followed by a recognition test list of equal length. To indicate the relative dominance of features encoded at both ages, labels, pictures, and referents were recombined to form visual, semantic and acoustic distractors. (MS)