This commentary focuses on new directions in the study of fathers and families. Several topics that are ripe for more theoretical and empirical scrutiny are outlined. These include the biological determinants of fathering, cultural constraints on fathers, the impact of becoming a father on men?s development as adults, and an intergenerational perspective on fathering. The implications of the recent advances in our understanding of gay and lesbian parents for the critical nature of the father?s role in the family are examined. Finally, a wider range of methodological approaches?including qualitative as well as quantitative, experimental as well as correlational?is advocated in order to advance our appreciation of fathers in children?s lives.