Over the past five years, both DC Public Schools (DCPS) and public charter schools (PCS) have seen significant growth in secondary reading and math scores on the state test known as the District of Columbia Comprehensive Assessment System (DC CAS). However, scores have not improved as much at the elementary level. Reading and math scores for DCPS elementary students decreased for the second year in a row in 2011, raising questions about whether the high-profile education reform campaign in the District has hit a wall. It is important to note that student learning and achievement can be measured in many different ways. Standardized tests like the DC CAS are only a piece of the puzzle, but they are the main tool currently used to measure district and school-wide achievement. The D.C. government and the U.S. Department of Education are currently investigating possible cheating on the DC CAS due to a high volume of wrong-to-right erasures in some schools. (Contains 4 figures and 8 endnotes.)