The rapid decrease in gender inequality in education over the past several decades in China has drawn significant attention in the existing literature. Several factors have been proposed or examined to explain this decrease. However, few studies have examined this topic from the perspective of the changing job structure and skill requirements in the labor market resulting from industrialization. This article examines the relationship between industrialization and school enrollments of both genders in China using province-level data between 1988 and 2008 and seeks to provide richer insights into the factors associating with the decrease in educational gender inequality in China. The results show that the changing labor market conditions linked to industrialization had significant associations with enrollment of both genders and can indeed help explain the decrease in educational gender inequality in China.