The PTTC (Peking Teachers' Training College) was set up in 1954 to train secondary school teachers. The authors investigate the recruiting and training of future teachers both before and after the GPCR (Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution) to determine whether the GPCR brought about any significant change in Chinese education. (KC)

This paper, based upon the author's research in Japan during 1976-77, discusses the pressures for shaping the socialization of Japanese adolescents and secondary schools to meet the requirements of high school and college entrance examinations, which are a common source of chronic anxiety for students, parents, and teachers. (Author/KC)

This article discusses the problems and potentials of nonformal education in India by reviewing a number of booklets, surveys, speeches, and government documents which analyze directions of nonformal education over the past three decades. (KC)

In China work-study education is conceived as a way for every Chinese citizen to merge individual ambitions with the collective goals of the Chinese Revolution. Discusses the regular, full-time work-study program as it has developed in China from the 1930's to the present. (Author/RK)

Ethnic politics, international influences and a quest for truth may be the unlikely combination that forced Canadian schooling to soften its British orientation for an emphasis upon social education required for a highly diversified society. Traces these influences from the latter part of the nineteenth century to the present. (Author/RK)

Describes a survey on how school cleaning is carried out in 103 countries throughout the world. Based on a comparative analysis of the collected data, the countries are classified into three types: 1) janitorial type, where janitors, or special cleansing personnel, clean the school, 2) janitor-pupillary type, where janitors do the school cleaning…

This research is a modest contribution to the understanding of a neglected part of the evolution of education systems, i.e., parent participation in educational decision making. Considers the educational, social, philosophical, and political forces upon the parent relationship with school administration. (Author/RK)

Of concern here are traditionalist educational policies encapsulated in contemporary Development Plans of two Melanesian island-nations, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, and one Polynesian island-nation, Tonga. Such policies ignore new knowledge, new aspirations, new attitudes to school and are inappropriate for current educational needs.…

Discusses the socio-economic background of decision-making in the Yugoslav socialist society, based on the concept of self-management. First, a short outline is given of the state of affairs in the period before self-management (1945-1950), and then presents the period of introducing and developing self-management as the dominating form of…

Examines the uses and the possible meanings of the term "comparative method". Also looks at what is compared in Comparative Education and what can be learned from the comparison. (Author/RK)

Indicates the nature of reforms now being undertaken to mitigate the effects of unemployment among young people in Europe and the accompanying pressures on education systems. (Author/RK)

Examines the nature of the Australian myth and how this has related to and affected schooling and the provision of equality of opportunity for rural children. This myth includes the "noble bushmen" and the view that "the salt of the earth" was the small, independent farmer. (Author/RK)

This research examines the role of Islam in the process of nation-building in Nigeria in terms of its reaction to the implementation of Universal Primary Education, a scheme which forms an integral part of the Nigerian Government's strategy for development, national integration and nation-building. U.P.E. with its appearance of "western" influence…

In its policies related to high-level manpower, the Tanzanian Government attaches great importance to the university, viewing it as a key institution in its policies for national development. Describes the difficulties the administration of President Nyerere has had in using the university as a political tool and analyzes various instances of…

Examines some of the social, cultural and political factors in Israel which affect the direction of change or obstruct change in the secondary school system. Poses the question as to whether changes more extensive than those already observed are imminent in secondary education as a result of social and other input. (Author/RK)