In 2010, 21 million students across the United States enrolled in one of nearly 4,500 postsecondary degree-granting institutions (Snyder & Dillow, 2011). Students of all academic backgrounds selected institutions they wanted to attend and, likewise, institutions made decisions about which students they wanted to admit. The resulting student-college pairs, observed following students' matriculation decisions, may be evaluated based on the quality of the academic match. In the social science research literature, an "academic match" occurs when a student chooses a postsecondary alternative that is aligned with his or her observable academic credentials (e.g., GPA, SAT[R], etc.). This review of the research literature describes the current state of research on student-college academic undermatch. (Contains 1 table and 14 footnotes.)