In recent years, an exciting thrust in the developmental research literature has been the focus on ''executive'' functions (EF). However, the emphasis has been on the more purely cognitive aspects of EF operative in abstract reasoning and problem solving-aspects associated mainly with dorsolateral frontal regions. Although the literature on adult neuropsychology has seen an emerging and growing interest in the study of processes more related to orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), including emotion and personality, research on the development of EF has lagged behind. This special issue of Brain and Cognition is intended to readdress this imbalance by bringing together researchers who are studying the nature and development of orbitofrontal function from a wide variety of perspectives.