In this article we discuss different views about how information flows through the lexical system in bilingual speech production. In the first part, we focus on some of the experimental evidence often quoted in favor of the parallel activation of the bilinguals' two languages from the semantic system in the course of language production. We argue that such evidence does not require us to embrace the existence of parallel activation of the two languages of a bilingual. In the second part of the article, we discuss the possibility that the language-not-in-use (or the non-response language) is activated via feedback from the sublexical representations and we devise some experimental procedures to assess the validity of such an assumption. [The preparation of this manuscript was supported by two grants from the Spanish Government and by the McDonnell grant "Bridging Mind 1602 Brain and Behavior," and by a grant from the NIH. Albert Costa was supported by the research program "Ramon y Cajal" from the Spanish government.]