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Showing 2,491 to 2,505 of 4,976 results
Peer reviewed
Direct linkBellis, Teri James; Billiet, Cassie; Ross, Jody – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Two experiments were conducted to examine the performance of normal adults, normal children, and children diagnosed with central auditory dysfunction presumed to involve the interhemispheric pathways on a dichotic digits test in common clinical use for the diagnosis of central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) and its corresponding visual…
Descriptors: Auditory Stimuli, Auditory Perception, Adults, Children
Barry, D.; Petry, N. M. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Poor decision-making and executive function deficits are frequently observed in individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs), and executive deficits may contribute to poor decision-making in this population. This study examined the influence of lifetime history of an alcohol, cocaine, heroin, or polysubstance use disorder on decision-making as…
Descriptors: Decision Making, Substance Abuse, Cognitive Processes, Task Analysis
Sampaio, Adriana; Sousa, Nuno; Fernandez, Montse; Henriques, Margarida; Goncalves, Oscar F. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Williams syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder often described as being characterized by a dissociative cognitive architecture, in which profound impairments of visuo-spatial cognition contrast with relative preservation of linguistic, face recognition and auditory short-memory abilities. This asymmetric and dissociative cognition…
Descriptors: Verbal Learning, Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory, Developmental Delays
De Goede, Maartje; Postma, Albert – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Object-location memory is the only spatial task where female subjects have been shown to outperform males. This result is not consistent across all studies, and may be due to the combination of the multi-component structure of object location memory with the conditions under which different studies were done. Possible gender differences in object…
Descriptors: Females, Memory, Gender Differences, Males
Stocco, Andrea; Fum, Danilo – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Many authors have endorsed the hypothesis that previous emotional experiences may exert a covert influence on behavior, but some findings and replications of the original studies challenged this view. We investigated this topic by carrying out an experiment with the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), where a dissociation procedure was adopted to…
Descriptors: Emotional Response, Influences, Interaction, Behavior Development
Castro-Barros, B. A.; Righi, L. L.; Grechi, G.; Ribeiro-do-Valle, L. E. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Evidence exists that both right and left hemisphere attentional mechanisms are mobilized when attention is directed to the right visual hemifield and only right hemisphere attentional mechanisms are mobilized when attention is directed to the left visual hemifield. This arrangement might lead to a rightward bias of automatic attention. The…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Attention, Bias
Fernandez-Duque, Diego; Black, Sandra E. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
This study explored possible deficits in selective attention brought about by Dementia of Alzheimer Type (DAT). In three experiments, we tested patients with early DAT, healthy elderly, and young adults under low memory demands to assess perceptual filtering, conflict resolution, and set switching abilities. We found no evidence of impaired…
Descriptors: Dementia, Attention, Young Adults, Patients
Conson, Massimiliano; Cinque, Fausta; Trojano, Luigi – Brain and Cognition, 2008
When subjects are asked to compare the mental images of two analog clocks telling different times (the mental clock test), they are faster to process angles formed by hands located in the right than in the left half of the dial. In the present paper, we demonstrate that this Imaginal HemiSpatial Effect (IHSE) can be also observed in two modified…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Comparative Analysis, Task Analysis, Cognitive Processes
Calderon-Garciduenas, Lilian; Mora-Tiscareno, Antonieta; Ontiveros, Esperanza; Gomez-Garza, Gilberto; Barragan-Mejia, Gerardo; Broadway, James; Chapman, Susan; Valencia-Salazar, Gildardo; Jewells, Valerie; Maronpot, Robert R.; Henriquez-Roldan, Carlos; Perez-Guille, Beatriz; Torres-Jardon, Ricardo; Herrit, Lou; Brooks, Diane; Osnaya-Brizuela, Norma; Monroy, Maria E.; Gonzalez-Maciel, Angelica; Reynoso-Robles, Rafael; Villarreal-Calderon, Rafael; Solt, Anna C.; Engle, Randall W. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Exposure to air pollution is associated with neuroinflammation in healthy children and dogs in Mexico City. Comparative studies were carried out in healthy children and young dogs similarly exposed to ambient pollution in Mexico City. Children from Mexico City (n:55) and a low polluted city (n:18) underwent psychometric testing and brain magnetic…
Descriptors: Pollution, Mexicans, Brain, Neurological Impairments
Verleger, Rolf; Schuknecht, Simon-Vitus; Jaskowski, Piotr; Wagner, Ullrich – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Sleep has proven to support the memory consolidation in many tasks including learning of perceptual skills. Explicit, conscious types of memory have been demonstrated to benefit particularly from slow-wave sleep (SWS), implicit, non-conscious types particularly from rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. By comparing the effects of early-night sleep,…
Descriptors: Sleep, Memory, Perception, Learning
Rosa, Christine; Lassonde, Maryse; Pinard, Claudine; Keenan, Julian Paul; Belin, Pascal – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Three experiments investigated functional asymmetries related to self-recognition in the domain of voices. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to identify one of three presented voices (self, familiar or unknown) by responding with either the right or the left-hand. In Experiment 2, participants were presented with auditory morphs between the…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Specialization, Recognition (Psychology), Auditory Perception
Beauchamp, M. H.; Dagher, A.; Panisset, M.; Doyon, J. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
While cognitive skill learning is normally acquired implicitly through frontostrial circuitry in healthy individuals, neuroimaging studies suggest that patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) do so by activating alternate, intact brain areas associated with explicit memory processing. To further test this hypothesis, 10 patients with PD and 12…
Descriptors: Neurological Impairments, Thinking Skills, Brain, Memory
Farran, Emily K.; Cole, Victoria L. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Perceptual grouping is a pre-attentive process which serves to group local elements into global wholes, based on shared properties. One effect of perceptual grouping is to distort the ability to estimate the distance between two elements. In this study, biases in distance estimates, caused by four types of perceptual grouping, were measured across…
Descriptors: Perception, Classification, Genetic Disorders, Mental Retardation
Priming vs. Rhyming: Orthographic and Phonological Representations in the Left and Right Hemispheres
Lindell, Annukka K.; Lum, Jarrad A. G. – Brain and Cognition, 2008
The right cerebral hemisphere has long been argued to lack phonological processing capacity. Recently, however, a sex difference in the cortical representation of phonology has been proposed, suggesting discrete left hemisphere lateralization in males and more distributed, bilateral representation of function in females. To evaluate this…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Gender Differences, Phonology, Orthographic Symbols
Wells, Carolyn T.; Mahone, E. Mark; Matson, Melissa A.; Kates, Wendy R.; Hay, Trisha; Horska, Alena – Brain and Cognition, 2008
Ecological validity of neuropsychological assessment includes the ability of tests to predict real-world functioning and/or covary with brain structures. Studies have examined the relationship between adaptive skills and test performance, with less focus on the association between regional brain volumes and neurobehavioral function in healthy…
Descriptors: Validity, Neuropsychology, Psychological Evaluation, Children
