Compares the strength of four demographic variables (income level, gender, ethnicity, and household composition) as predictors of three forms of children's school-based competence (peer relations, behavior or conduct, and academic achievement). Income level and gender were the strongest predictors of children's competence. (PCB)

Children who attended Head Start maintained educationally substantive gains in general cognitive and analytic ability, especially in comparison to children without preschool experience. (PCB)

Results indicate that the achievement level of Black and Hispanic elementary school children is not substantially lower than that of White children of similar socioeconomic status. Beliefs of minority children and their mothers are similar to those typically associated with higher levels of achievement. (PCB)

Examined school and neighborhood friendships of 292 Black junion high school students and White junior high school students. Findings suggest that there may be important differences in peer friendship networks of Blacks and Whites. Results also suggest the importance of school and nonschool settings in friendship patterns of the two groups. (PCB)

Peer interaction, social status, and reciprocated friendships in two ethnically diverse groups of elementary school children were examined. (PCB)

In two studies, a total of 213 Black and Mexican-American elementary school children were asked to respond to 8 videotaped scenes of everyday social encounters that occur at school. Actors were unfamiliar peers from the same ethnic group as the subjects. (PCB)

Examined differences among Black, Anglo, Puerto Rican, and Dominican adolescents in the relation between cigarette and alcohol use and psychosocial functioning. (PCB)

Purposes of this study were to identify certain psychosocial attributes and life experiences of minority adolescent mothers and explore variations in these attributes and experiences in and across age and ethnic groups. (PCB)

Examines the relation between children's mastery motivation, self-assessment of performance, and task-related, help-seeking behavior during task performance. (PCB)

Four subtypes among 98 peer-rejected 5- to 7-year-old boys were identified. An aggressive subtype comprised 48 percent of boys; a shy subtype, 13 percent; and two other nonaggressive subtypes, 39 percent. After one year, 66 percent of boys in the three nonaggressive subtypes changed subtype classification, whereas only 42 percent of aggressive…

Compared mothers' ratings of childhood problems of 4- to 9-year-old Sudanese children. Compared to children in extended families, children in nuclear families had more conduct, emotional, and sleep problems; exhibited poorer self-care and greater overdependence; and were less likely to be breastfed and have grandmothers involved in their care. (BC)

In two experiments, children observed pictures of moral transgressions. Most children expected victimizers to feel positive emotions and victims to feel negative emotions. However, in the second experiment, 4 year olds attributed extremely positive emotions to victimizers, whereas 8 year olds attributed less positive emotions to victimizers. (BC)

In the presence of distracting toys, attention-deficit hyperactivity disordered (ADHD) boys spent half as much time as normal boys watching a television program. When toys were absent, there was no difference in attention between the groups. Recall of program didactic content by ADHD and normal boys did not differ. (BC)

Early (during the child's first three years) and recent (during the previous three years) maternal employment were associated with less family poverty and higher scores on measures of home environment. Early maternal employment predicted second grade children's math achievement, and recent maternal employment predicted their reading achievement.…

Children were asked whether each of two animals shared a biological property with a target animal. When kinship relations were specified for the animals, children judged that dissimilar-looking kin shared more biological properties than similar-looking but unrelated members of the same species. (BC)