Samples of the language used by 4 children were recorded longitudinally between 1.5 and 3 years of age. Children's expressions of motion were categorized into expressions involving a source, path, or goal of motion. There were developmental changes, including an increase in the use of words relating to goals as children grew older. (BC)

Infants' visual recognition memory (VRM) at seven months was associated with their general intelligence, language proficiency, reading and quantitative skills, and perceptual organization at six years. Infants' VRM, object permanence, and cross-modal transfer of perceptions at one year were related to their IQ and several outcomes at six years.…

Examined the relationship between changes in electroencephalograms and the development of the ability to perform cognitive tasks involving frontal lobe functioning in infants of 7 to 12 months of age. Infants who successfully found a hidden object showed changes in the power of brain electrical activity in the frontal lobe. (BC)

Results of 3 experiments indicated that 12 month olds, but not 8 and 10 month olds, looked longer at objects of a different shape from test objects than at the test objects. Twelve month olds recognized rectilinear, but not curvilinear, forms. They recognized differences in forms for three-dimensional, but not two-dimensional, objects. (BC)

Vocal interactions of mothers and infants were recorded. Mothers' vocalizations were coded for five categories of pitch. Infant vocalization in relation to pitch variants of maternal speech was characterized by several physical parameters, such as duration and peak frequency of vocalization. (BC)

Children whose mothers were consistently more responsive during the children's infancy and early adolescence achieved higher IQ and arithmetic scores, had more positive self-esteem, and were reported by teachers to exhibit fewer behavior problems than children of mothers who were consistently less responsive. (BC)

Assessments of parent and sibling attachments were made when the firstborn child of a two-child family was one, three, and six years old. Sibling conflict and aggression were related to maternal conflict with both children at six years. Affectionate fathering was associated with prosocial sibling interaction. (BC)

Assessed preschoolers' moral motive strength or attribution of moral emotions to story characters. Also assessed temperamental inhibition and self-control. Children were provided with an opportunity to cheat when they felt they were unobserved. Results indicated that moral motive strength and inhibition predicted low cheating. (BC)

Groups of younger and older children in a sample of two to five year olds were assessed for gender knowledge, gender standards, and gender-linked behavior. All children exhibited more same- than cross-sex typed behavior. Older children expressed self-approval for same-sex behavior and self-criticism for cross-sex behavior. (BC)

Children predicted their performance on cognitive tasks; performed the tasks; and assessed their activity preferences and personality traits. Children's mothers and teachers made predictions about the children's performance and assessments. Teachers were as accurate as mothers in judging children's cognitive abilities but not in judging their…

Approximately 6,400 adolescents reported on their parents' child rearing practices. Data on adolescents' school performance and concentration on studies were collected over two years. Authoritative parenting led to better school performance and stronger concentration on studies than did other styles of parenting. (BC)

Parent and adolescent reports and observational ratings were used to assess family economic strain, spousal support, and quality of parenting. The level of spousal support was positively related to supportive parenting. Economic strain undermined supportive parenting, but for mothers, the impact of economic strain was moderated by spousal support.…

Children who were rated for aggression and assessed for depression made attributions of story characters' intent and described their responses to story situations. Aggressive and depressed children made attributions of hostile intent. Children who were both aggressive and depressed showed response patterns similar to both aggressive and depressed…

Measures of peer acceptance and peers' social reputation were administered to 8 and 10 year olds in Shanghai, China, and Ontario, Canada. Results indicated that sociability was correlated with peer acceptance, and aggression with peer rejection, in both countries. Shyness was negatively correlated with peer acceptance in the Canadian sample. (BC)

Fourth and fifth grade boys who were or were not rejected by peers reported how they would handle conflictual interactions described in vignettes. Rejected boys who were aggressive or residual, that is, neither aggressive nor submissive, exhibited less integration of personal and relational goals than did nonrejected boys. (BC)