A sample of 838 children ages 5 through 15 years in Australia, England, North America, and Sweden were interviewed about physical and sexual development. The study covers essentially the same area as Bernstein and Cowan (1975) but extends the sample on the dimensions of age, number, randomness, and comparisons made. (Author/RH)

Two experiments were designed to investigate among kindergarten through third-grade children the development of character constancy -- the belief that other's or self's personality characteristics are stable across time and do not change despite changes in appearance. It is proposed that character constancy of self and other is a product of both…

The present study was designed to determine whether a reactivation procedure (consisting of the experimenter's manipulation of a previously experienced overhead crib mobile) would alleviate infant's poor retention after a 14-day interval. It is concluded that forgetting by young infants may result from failures in retrieval, and not failures in…

Two experiments were conducted concerning the development of spatial orientation during the second year of life. Both experiments were focused on oriented search for a hidden target object in the absence of landmarks, which can be accomplished by relating one's movements to knowledge of a target's location. (Author/RH)

In the first study, observation and labeling behavior were investigated in 5-, 8-, 11-year-olds, and adults. Subjects were asked to find differences in stimuli. In the second study, an attempt was made to determine whether children can learn to adapt their attention to tasks requiring exhaustive or selective observation and to transfer such…

The purpose of this research was to examine developmental changes in the knowledge about what variables affect performance on the incidental learning task. Kindergarteners, second graders, fifth graders, and college students indicated on a rating scale how many animals a hypothetical person would remember under easy and difficult levels of each…

Two studies were conducted with 8- and 10-year-old children to examine sources of age and skill differences in verbal analogical reasoning. Discussion focuses on the child's "problem space" for the analogy task and possible differences in task understanding that lead to strategy and process differences in older versus younger and skilled versus…

In a series of experiments, young children were asked to compare the quantities of classes of objects under two conditions: (1) when one of the classes of objects is a subordinate of the other (the traditional class-inclusion problem), and (2) when the terms refer to exclusive sets but different levels of generality. (Author/RH)

Studies of children who initially display high rates of antisocial behavior indicate such children are more likely to persist in this behavior than those who initially show lower rates. (Author/MP)

Four features of early adolescent friendship have received the greatest attention in the literature: intimacy of conversations, friends' responsiveness to each other's needs and desires, the degree of similarity or complementarity between friends, and the stability of friendships over time. Each of these features and its potential effect on the…

Introduces a notation system for representing the formal aspects of Erikson's theory of psychological development in adolescence (including consideration of stages and transitions from one stage to the next) and uses this notation system to raise and make some researchable questions regarding Erikson's conceptions of the crises of identity and…

Guided by a set of assumptions drawn from the fields of anthropology, history, sociology of medicine, and human development, this study provides a historical description and analysis of chlorosis, a disease linked solely to female adolescence in the period from 1870 to 1920. (MP)

Assesses the extent to which certain key behaviors said to involve perspective-taking (specifically, cognitive and affective perspective-taking, and altruism) were related to friendship as opposed to popularity. (Author/MP)

Results showed that third- through eighth-grade children's favored peer status was related to high levels of both interpersonal understanding and perceived social self-competence, with the relationship between peer acceptance and interpersonal understanding being stronger for older than for younger children. (Author/MP)

Extensive observations of spontaneous prosocial behavior were conducted during summer bicycle trips in order to document the prosocial interactions of adolescent females and males as they occur within the peer group. Results indicated that while males displayed more physical assistance behaviors, females performed more verbal support behavior.…