Investigated the ability of six children at ages 24, 26, 28, 30, 33, and 36 months to understand the topic of talk not addressed to them. Analyzed children's intrusions into conversations between their mothers and older siblings. Results indicated that intrusions formed a considerable proportion of children's talk. (RJC)

Examined developmental changes in the ability of 83 children aged 3-12 to determine emotion by interpreting facial and situational cues. Results showed that children's reliance on situational cues increased with age, while reliance on facial expression decreased. (RJC)

Studies the reactions to "self-threatening help" of members of 103 dyads of second-, fourth-, and sixth-graders in a peer tutoring context. Results indicated that threatening conditions were those in which tutors and tutees were similar in age and achievement levels. (RJC)

Studied 14 peer dyads at 16, 20, 24, 28, and 32 months to assess developmental changes in social coordinations. Results indicated a marked increase with age in acts coordinated with those of a peer. Imitations of the peer's nonverbal actions accounted for most of the developmental change. (RJC)

Investigated three hypotheses regarding structural predictors of domestic work of fathers of 48 families with a preschooler or kindergartner. Father involvement was greatest when the father was jobless and held a flexible view of the male role, the mother was working, and the target child was the oldest or nearly the oldest. (RJC)

Investigates the relation between 48 mothers' perceptions of control over the termination of their 5-month-old infants' cries and the infant's security attachment at 16 months. Insecure infant attachment was associated with maternal perception of overcontrol. (RJC)

Examined continuity and discontinuity in maternal sensitivity of 135 disadvantaged mothers and their first-born children from 6 and 24 months to 42 months. Results indicate that sources of stress originating from the child or environment result in decreased sensitivity over time, whereas sources of support increase sensitivity.(RJC)

Reports the effects of a hospital-to-home transitional support program for 47 mothers of infants who were treated in an intensive-care unit. Findings indicate positive effects of the program on the sense of competence, perceived control, and responsiveness of mothers who needed the most support. (RJC)

Studied 112 preterm infants to determine developmental changes and stability of individual differences. Results indicate significant developmental gains with age, and highly significant individual stability of performance across age. (RJC)

Responds to Scarr and McCartney's (1988) Bermudian study. Cites recently published research to support a conclusion that poverty alone does not predict school disadvantage so much as poor parents frequently having low motivation and less than high school graduation. (RJC)

Responds to Levenstein's criticism of Scarr and McCartney's independent evaluation of Levenstein's Mother-Child Home Program. It is claimed that experimental evaluations of intervention programs are often more critical than nonexperimental ones. (RJC)

Investigated acoustic characteristics of the cries of 20 infants whose mothers used marijuana during pregnancy. Cries of infants of marijuana users were shorter, had a higher percentage of dysphonation, a higher amd more variable fundamental frequency, and a lower first format than cries of 20 infants in a control group. (RJC)

Compares ratings which 20 parents and 22 nonparents made of spontaneous cries of 12 1-month-old infants. The duration, amount of dysphonation, and proportion of energy in various frequency bands were highly correlated with adults' ratings. (RJC)

Compares the effectiveness of pacifiers and swaddling in reducing distress resulting from pain in 32 2-week-old infants and 32 2-month-old infants. Pacifiers soothed infants more rapidly and completely than swaddling. (RJC)

Reports results of 2 studies concerning mother-infant separation from the maternal perspective. In the first study, 620 mothers responded to questionnaires from which 3 subscales were labeled. In the second study, 36 women were assessed. Results supported the validity of the questionnaire and the construct. (RJC)