The auditory temporal resolving power of young children was measured using an adaptive forced choice psycho-physical paradigm that was disguised as a video game. (PCB)

Results of four experiments suggest that two-year-olds may be capable of forming inclusion relations when they hear a novel word for an object that already has a familiar name. (PCB)

Five experiments investigated children's intuitions about genetic transmission of features. Results suggest young children have principled, specifically biological notions of inheritance. (PCB)

Challenges the view that the cognitive-developmental level of preschool children prevents them from attaining gender constancy. Reviews shortcomings in procedures previously used to assess gender constancy. Reports on a study which uses a new measure of gender constancy and a new test of children's genital knowledge. (PCB)

Relations between children's ability to apply gender labels, their tendency to sex-typed behavior, and their parents' attitudes and reactions toward sex-typed behaviors were studied. (PCB)

Investigated children's reports of experiences of simultaneous different-valence emotions and examined whether such reports included indications of internal conflict or ambivalence. (PCB)

The effect of blindness on the spontaneous expressive control of negative emotion was examined in a study comparing blind and sighted children matched by age, sex, and school. Data suggest that blindness does not preclude the spontaneous expressive control of negative emotion. (PCB)

Autistic children were tested on three tasks that were within the capability of three-four-year-old normal children and that involved the abilities to understand a mistaken belief, infer contents of a container from looking or not looking inside, and adjust answers to provide new information. (PCB)

Data on perinatal and early childhood somatic and psychological risk factors of a random sample of children in early to middle childhood were used to examine the long-term risk of emotional and behavioral problems of late childhood and adolescence. (PCB)

This study found race and sex differences with regard to proximity, smiling, and touching among preschoolers who posed for photographs with a same-sex peer and with an infant. (PCB)

The extent to which maternal behavior, children's temperament, age, and family structure variables are associated with dimensions of sibling relationships was investigated with a sample of 96 families with younger siblings aged 3-6 years and older siblings aged 5-10 years. (PCB)

Relations between temperament dimensions and attachment behaviors were evaluated. Results were consistent with previous findings that temperament measures do not predict attachment security. (PCB)

Discusses results of a longitudinal study of effects of divorce and remarriage on children's adjustment. Results suggest that individual characteristics play an important role in either protecting children from negative consequences associated with their parents' marital transitions or in making children vulnerable to such consequences. (RJC)

Examined effects of parental psychopathology and maltreatment on behavior of 102 children with mean ages of 9.75 years. Parental psychiatric status and maltreatment interacted significantly, so that offspring of schizophrenic parents from maltreating families showed increases in externalized behavior problems over time. (RJC)

Investigates the relationship between family economic hardship and adolescent distress among 622 students in grades 9-12. Hardship effects varied according to type of distress. Hardship had direct and indirect effects on the depression-loneliness factor and an indirect effect on the delinquency-drug use factor. (RJC)