From a developmental perspective, examines the emotions and behaviors elicited by different types of infant cries. Participating were 60 children ranging in age from late preschool to preadolescence. (Author/RH)

Videotaped stories depicting deliberate lies and unintentionally untrue statements were presented to 200 subjects evenly divided into the following age groups: 5, 8, 9, 11 years, and adult. Definitions of lying were seen to change gradually over this age range. (Author/RH)

Investigates, among delinquent and nondelinquent subjects ages 10 to 11 and 14 to 15 years, differences exhibited on moral reasoning tasks, social problem solving/metacognition, effects of clues on performance on a social problem-solving task, effects of age, and the interaction of age and delinquency. (Author/RH)

The frequency and distribution of social problem-solving strategies, goals, targets, and outcomes were coded during preschoolers' free play. Flexibility and persistence in problem-solving sequences were examined, and the relative importance of strategies, goals, targets, and the identity of the problem solver in predicting social problem-solving…

By using childhood games, examines extended speech in the natural discourse of kindergarten children and first- fourth-, and eighth-grade students. With a comparable knowledge base, younger children volunteered less information, focused more on game actions, and more frequently omitted rules outlining how games are set up or concluded. (Author/BJD)

Data from boys and girls ages three, five, seven, and nine were collected on gender constancy judgments and explanations for correct, incorrect, and ambiguous judgments. Results verified the acquisition of understanding of gender stability prior to gender constancy and supported the shift with age from no constancy to pseudoconstancy to true…

Assesses third-grade children's comprehension of traditional and nontraditional female sex-role portrayals in television programs. For both programs, children demonstrated accurate memory for role-relevant information, but children with higher levels of sex-role stereotyping remembered less role-relevant information than did children with lower…

(Title Enough)(BJD)

Naturalistic observations of 20-month-old infants and their older siblings (1 1/2 or 3 years older) suggested the presence or absence of the mother may be an important variable in interactions between the two. (BJD)

(Title Enough)(BJD)

Distinguishes between attachment (the relationship between infant and caregiver) and dependency (the reliance of the child on adults for nurturance, attention, or assistance). Assesses preschool children with varying attachment histories and suggests that the roots of overdependency lie in the quality of the early infant-caregiver relationship.…

Reports on a short-term longitudinal study identifying preparenting behaviors and attitudes that predict different aspects of fathering: caretaking, playfulness, and satisfaction with fatherhood. The quality and nature of the marital relationship were found to be significantly related to all aspects of fathering. (BJD)

Critically examines the empirical and theoretical basis for Maccoby and Jacklin's contention that males are more biologically predisposed toward aggressive behavior than are females. (Author/MP)

Evidence from cross cultural studies and observational studies are provided to support the contentions that males are more aggressive than females and that this sex difference is evident as early as the preschool years. (Author/MP)

Argues that the development of object perception in infancy involves the detection of structural invariants and that such detection is best understood in the context of dynamic events. (Author/MP)