The autonomous and social comparison achievement motivation of 197 black and white children was assessed at the end of first or fourth grades and again at the end of second and fifth grades. Level of aspiration and projective story telling measures of motivation were used. (Author/JMB)

This study tested the hypothesis that when extrinsic rewards for an intrinsically interesting activity are withdrawn, the activity acquires aversive properties through the arousal of anticipatory frustration, which causes decreased interest. Subjects were 64 7-year-old children. (Author/JMB)

The Sex Stereotype Measure II (SSMII) was developed to assess children's knowledge of conventional, sex-trait stereotypes defined by American university students. The SSMII was administered individually to 5- and 8-year-old children in the United States, England, and Ireland and group administered to 11-year-olds in the United States. (Author/JMB)

A novel behavioral choice card designed to distinguish 4 social behaviors (altruism/group enhancement, equality, superiority, and rivalry/superiority) was administered to 5- to 6- and 7- to 9-year-old children from 3 populations: upper-middle-SES Anglo-American; lower-SES Anglo-American; and lower-SES Mexican-American. (Author/JMB)

This article presents a scheme which would allow investigators to shift back and forth among model assumptions while maintaining the integrity of separate models of development. The scheme is illustrated in a study of 16 nursery school children's personal-social behaviors within 2 contexts during 2 time periods. (Author/JMB)

Fear of success was assessed for 61 fifth-, seventh-, and ninth-grade children using Horner's and Baruch's fantasy measures and a behavioral measure developed by the authors. (Author/JMB)

Results indicating that adult males direct more praise, verbal help, and other forms of positive attention to responsive than to unresponsive children are contrasted with results obtained in a previous study of the reactions of women subjects. (Author/JMB)

Facial expressions used by children defending their possession of a disputed object were studied in 72 pairs of kindergarten children. Results showed a relationship between the facial expressions a child used and both his own subsequent behavior and that of his partner. (Author/JMB)

This study examined the hypothesis that differences in performance of impulsive and reflective children on the "20 questions" test are due to individual differences in preferred perceptual processing strategy rather than in cognitive maturity of problem-solving strategy. (Author/JMB)

To examine the implications of differences in reflection-impulsivity for later academic achievement, 70 children were administered the Matching Familiar Figures test (MFF) in grade 4 and the Comprehensive Tests of Basic Skills (CTBS) in grades 4, 5, and 6. (Author/JMB)

This study investigated the effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) on hyperactive children's performance on a paired-associate learning task under 3 presentation rates. (Author/JMB)

Two experiments examining the effects of providing appropriate frameworks for comprehending ambiguous sections of prose were conducted with 143 children from second through seventh grade. (Author/JMB)