Socialization practices in the moshav are compared with those of kibbutz and city, based on the responses of about 1000 preadolescents to the Cornell Socialization Agent Inventory. The moshav differs from the kibbutz mainly in its reliance on the family as the primary agent of socialization. (JMB)

A total of 122 infants, born and reared on Israeli kibbutzim, were observed in a cross-sectional study of infant attachment behaviors. Their reactions to either mother or metapelet (caretaker) separation and reunion were recorded over a 13-sequence experimental paradigm. (JMB)

Twenty 18-month-olds were observed with their mothers and 20 with their fathers in laboratory free-play, departure, and separation situations. Findings were analyzed in terms of the differential roles of mothers and fathers, the development of sex differences, and determinants of separation distress. (JMB)

Examined the relationship between observed sex differences in infants' play, parental responses to these play patterns, and parents' ratings of sample child behaviors as typically masculine, feminine, or neither. (JMB)

Results showed that, although adult male monkeys are less active and more stable in their behavioral levels than mates or offspring, they clearly distribute both initiates and responses differently to male offspring, female offspring, mates and infant and adult monkeys from other families. Implications for human father-infant interaction are…

The Ainsworth-Wittig strange situation was used to compare 12 42-month-old children with approximately 6 months of day care experience to individually matched children who had not had group child rearing experience. Results did not support the idea that day-care experience impairs attachment to the mother. (JMB)

A sample of 40 3-year-old children participated in a short-term longitudinal study assessing the relationship between peer competence and 2 antecedent variables; the security of the attachment relations with the mother and the amount of experience with peers. (Author/JMB)

Child-child interactions were observed in 2 preschools during free-play time and were recorded in terms of social initiations and responses. The degree of reciprocity in the quantity and quality of overall initiations as well as among the various initiation response dyads was analyzed. (Author/JMB)

Results from 2 experiments indicated that 8-to 10-year-old children can be taught to take over the punishing role of an external agent and that a training technique involving perceived freedom of self-punishment will generate greater compliance with subsequent requests from the external agent. (Author/JMB)

This report uses data from videotaped naturalistic interactions and peers' hierarchy rankings of 23 4- to 5-year-olds and 26 7- to 10-year-olds to examine changes in children's use of facial gestures which resemble the dominance-related threat stares of primates. (Author/JMB)

Kindergarten children and adults were shown slides with an accompanying taped soundtrack which portrayed reciprocal and nonreciprocal aggressive and prosocial interactions. Following each episode, subjects' evaluations of the actor and their attributions concerning the cause of his behavior were obtained. (Author/JMB)

Cross-lagged correlational analyses and multiple-regression analyses of the data collected in these two studies supports the causal model that, while intentionality and internality both emerge when a common cognitive construct develops, heightened internality also significantly enhances a child's ability to learn intentionality. (Author/JMB)

Results indicate that normative data derived from observations of same-age interaction may not be generalized to the mixed-age situation and that the two types of social experience may serve different functions in children's development. (Author/JMB)