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50 Years of ERIC
50 Years of ERIC
The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) is celebrating its 50th Birthday! First opened on May 15th, 1964 ERIC continues the long tradition of ongoing innovation and enhancement.

Learn more about the history of ERIC here. PDF icon

Showing 1 to 15 of 28 results
Beyond Stimulus Deprivation: Iron Deficiency and Cognitive Deficits in Postinstitutionalized Children
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Doom, Jenalee R.; Gunnar, Megan R.; Georgieff, Michael K.; Kroupina, Maria G.; Frenn, Kristin; Fuglestad, Anita J.; Carlson, Stephanie M. – Child Development, 2014
Children adopted from institutions have been studied as models of the impact of stimulus deprivation on cognitive development (Nelson, Bos, Gunnar, & Sonuga-Barke, 2011), but these children may also suffer from micronutrient deficiencies (Fuglestad et al., 2008). The contributions of iron deficiency (ID) and duration of deprivation on…
Descriptors: Adoption, Institutionalized Persons, Cognitive Development, Nutrition
Neurodevelopmental Effects of Early Deprivation in Postinstitutionalized Children
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Pollak, Seth D.; Nelson, Charles A.; Schlaak, Mary F.; Roeber, Barbara J.; Wewerka, Sandi S.; Wiik, Kristen L.; Frenn, Kristin A.; Loman, Michelle M.; Gunnar, Megan R. – Child Development, 2010
The neurodevelopmental sequelae of early deprivation were examined by testing (N = 132) 8- and 9-year-old children who had endured prolonged versus brief institutionalized rearing or rearing in the natal family. Behavioral tasks included measures that permit inferences about underlying neural circuitry. Children raised in institutionalized…
Descriptors: Auditory Perception, Memory, Disadvantaged Environment, Inferences
The Differential Impacts of Early Physical and Sexual Abuse and Internalizing Problems on Daytime Cortisol Rhythm in School-Aged Children
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Cicchetti, Dante; Rogosch, Fred A.; Gunnar, Megan R.; Toth, Sheree L. – Child Development, 2010
The impact of early physical and sexual abuse (EPA/SA) occurring in the first 5 years of life was investigated in relation to depressive and internalizing symptomatology and diurnal cortisol regulation. In a summer camp context, school-aged maltreated (n = 265) and nonmaltreated (n = 288) children provided morning and late afternoon saliva samples…
Descriptors: Sexual Abuse, Observation, Depression (Psychology), Child Abuse
The Rise in Cortisol in Family Day Care: Associations with Aspects of Care Quality, Child Behavior, and Child Sex
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Gunnar, Megan R.; Kryzer, Erin; Van Ryzin, Mark J.; Phillips, Deborah A. – Child Development, 2010
This study examined the increase in salivary cortisol from midmorning to midafternoon in 151 children (3.0-4.5 years) in full-time home-based day care. Compared to cortisol levels at home, increases were noted in the majority of children (63%) at day care, with 40% classified as a stress response. Observations at day care revealed that intrusive,…
Descriptors: Aggression, Child Behavior, Scoring, Child Care
Physiological Measures of Emotion from a Developmental Perspective: State of the Science
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Dennis, Tracy A.; Buss, Kristin A.; Hastings, Paul D.; Bell, Martha Ann; Diaz, Anjolii; Adam, Emma K.; Miskovic, Vladimir; Schmidt, Louis A.; Feldman, Ruth; Katz, Lynn Fainsilber; Rigterink, Tami; Strang, Nicole M.; Hanson, Jamie L.; Pollak, Seth D.; Dahl, Ronald E.; Silk, Jennifer S.; Siegle, Greg J.; Beauchaine, Theodore P.; Cicchetti, Dante; Rogosch, Fred A.; Fox, Nathan A.; Kirwan, Michael; Reeb-Sutherland, Bethany; Gunnar, Megan R.; Obradovic, Jelena; Boyce, W. Thomas; Molenaar, Peter C. M.; Gates, Kathleen M. – Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 2012
In the past decade, there has been a dramatic growth in research examining the development of emotion from a physiological perspective. However, this widespread use of physiological measures to study emotional development coexists with relatively few guiding principles, thus reducing opportunities to move the field forward in innovative ways. The…
Descriptors: Physiology, Psychological Patterns, Emotional Development, Measurement
Adult Attachment, Parent Emotion, and Observed Parenting Behavior: Mediator and Moderator Models
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Adam, Emma K.; Gunnar, Megan R.; Tanaka, Akiko – Child Development, 2004
In a middle-class sample of mothers of 2-year-olds, adult attachment classifications measured in the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) were related to maternal self-reported emotional well-being and observed parenting behavior, and the potential mediating and moderating roles of maternal emotion were tested. Mothers classified as dismissing on the…
Descriptors: Child Rearing, Mothers, Depression (Psychology), Attachment Behavior
Evening Activities as a Potential Confound in Research on the Adrenocortical System in Children
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Kertes, Darlene A.; Gunnar, Megan R. – Child Development, 2004
The relation among children's evening activities, behavioral characteristics, and activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis was assessed in normally developing children ages 7 to 10 years. Salivary cortisol at bedtime was compared on evenings when children had structured activities outside of the home with unstructured evenings at…
Descriptors: Social Isolation, Children, Recreational Activities, Athletics
Tympanic Membrane Temperature and Emotional Dispositions in Preschool-Aged Children: A Methodological Study
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Gunnar, Megan R.; Donzella, Bonny – Child Development, 2004
Tympanic membrane (TM) temperature asymmetry has been proposed as a phenotypic marker of vulnerability to negative emotionality in children. Little is known about the stability of TM temperatures or how readily one can obtain a reliable index of the phenotype. TM temperatures were collected from 3- to 5-year-old children (N=73) over 5 months…
Descriptors: Predictor Variables, Predictive Measurement, Emotional Development, Young Children
Transition to Child Care: Associations With Infant-Mother Attachment, Infant Negative Emotion, and Cortisol Elevations
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Ahnert, Lieselotte; Gunnar, Megan R.; Lamb, Michael E.; Barthel, Martina – Child Development, 2004
Seventy 15-month-old infants were studied at home before starting child care, during adaptation (mothers present) and separation (first 9 days without mothers) phases, and 5 months later. Security of infantmother attachment was assessed before and 3 months after child care began. In the separation phase, salivary cortisol rose over the first 60…
Descriptors: Mothers, Child Care, Infants, Attachment Behavior
Children without Permanent Parents: Research, Practice, and Policy
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Bakermans-Kranenburg, Marian J.; Bos, Karen; Bunkers, Kelley McCreery; Dobrova-Krol, Natasha A.; Engle, Patrice L.; Fox, Nathan A.; Gamer, Gary N.; Goldman, Philip; Groark, Christina J.; Greenberg, Aaron; Grotevant, Harold D.; Groza, Victor K.; Gunnar, Megan R.; Johnson, Dana E.; Juffer, Femmie; Kreppner, Jana M.; Le Mare, Lucy; McCall, Robert B.; Muhamedrahimov, Rifkat J.; Nelson, Charles A., III; Palacios, Jesus; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J. S.; Steele, Howard; Steele, Miriam; Tieman, Wendy; van IJzendoorn, Marinus H.; Verhulst, Frank C.; Vorria, Panayiota; Zeanah, Charles H. – Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 2011
This monograph reviews literature pertaining to children without permanent parents. Chapters review (1) the development of children while institutional residents; (2) the development of postinstitutionalized children transitioned to family environments (i.e., adoption); the effects of institutionalization on (3) attachment behaviors, (4) physical…
Descriptors: Evidence, Childrens Rights, Child Welfare, Young Children
Deprivation-Specific Psychological Patterns: Effects of Institutional Deprivation
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Rutter, Michael; Sonuga-Barke, Edmund J.; Beckett, Celia; Castle, Jennifer; Kreppner, Jana; Kumsta, Robert; Schlotz, Wolff; Stevens, Suzanne; Bell, Christopher A.; Gunnar, Megan R. – Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 2010
This monograph is concerned with the mid adolescent follow-up of a group of adoptees from Romania and from within the United Kingdom who were first assessed at the age of 4 years (or 6 years in the case of the oldest children). Chapter I provides the background as it applied at the time that the study began, and then goes on to outline the overall…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Adoption, Longitudinal Studies, Institutionalized Persons
A Commentary on "Deprivation-Specific Psychological Patterns: Effects of Institutional Deprivation"
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Gunnar, Megan R. – Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 2010
This monograph provides critical insights into identifying which threads to pull in the "web of causation" to discern the impact of adverse early life experiences, and it provides guidance regarding how to identify patterns of behavior that are likely to reflect the impact of such experiences. In this article, the author offers her comments on…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Adoption, Followup Studies, Disadvantaged Environment
Behavioral and Physiological Responsivity, Sleep, and Patterns of Daily Cortisol Production in Infants with and without Colic.
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White, Barbara Prudhomme; Gunnar, Megan R.; Larson, Mary C.; Donzella, Bonny; Barr, Ronald G. – Child Development, 2000
Examined behavioral/physiological responses of 2-month-olds during physical examinations. Found that colic infants cried twice as much, cried more intensely, and were more inconsolable than control infants. Heart rate, vagal tone, and cortisol measures showed no appreciable difference. At home, colic infants displayed a blunted rhythm in cortisol…
Descriptors: Comparative Analysis, Crying, Heart Rate, Infant Behavior
Social Behavior Correlates of Cortisol Activity in Child Care: Gender Differences and Time-of-Day Effects.
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Tout, Kathryn; de Haan, Michelle; Campbell, Elizabeth Kipp; Gunnar, Megan R. – Child Development, 1998
Examined relations between social behavior and daily patterns of a stress-sensitive hormone production in preschool children attending center-based child care. For boys, externalizing behavior was positively associated with cortisol reactivity, while internalizing behavior was negatively associated with median (typical) cortisol. Median cortisol…
Descriptors: Child Behavior, Day Care, Day Care Centers, Preschool Children
Assessing Salivary Cortisol in Studies of Child Development.
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Schwartz, Eve B.; Granger, Douglas A.; Susman, Elizabeth J.; Gunnar, Megan R.; Laird, Brandi – Child Development, 1998
Evaluated the susceptibility of radioimmunoassays (RIA) for saliva cortisol to interference effects caused by oral stimulants (drink mix crystals) used to facilitate saliva collection in studies with children. Found that oral stimulants artificially inflated estimated cortisol concentrations, with the magnitude of the interference-effect…
Descriptors: Children, Measurement Techniques, Measures (Individuals), Research Problems
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