Policies in Chinese education, especially higher education, have undergone major shifts since 1949 in response to general swings in Chinese policy, ideological debates, and leaders. The shifts have been between education as a party device to sustain revolutionary values and education as a government instrument to promote modernization. (MSE)

The hostile and suspicion-laden relationship between management and the faculty union of Ontario's 22 Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology is chronicled and the evolution of this relationship is interpreted in terms of British industrial relations theory. (MSE)

The intervention of the Canadian government in financing Quebec universities has followed various paths through individual or institutional direct or indirect grants, operating or investment grants, and fiscal transfers. The historical evolution of federal grants to Quebec universities is described by singling out four periods. In French.…

Educational developments since 1945 are described, particularly those influencing the present climate of adversity, and ways these historical forces have altered the complexion of university governance are explored. Six policies are offered for promoting institutional renewal in Canada through the regeneration of the teaching/research force.…

The ways in which Canada has been encouraging bilingualism through the higher education system is viewed both from the perspective of second-language instruction itself and more general education in a second-language medium. The rise in support for bilingualism in Canada as a whole is considered. Changes are recommended. (MSE)