Educational technology so far has been mostly used as an add-on to existing inputs, whereas its chief use should be as a substitute for existing inputs, especially teachers. This substitution is presumably easiest in higher education, where teachers are not needed to keep order in class. Author presents a framework for thinking about costs, which…

A status report on the evolving conceptions of instructional technology and current applications in Brazil. A complementary purpose is to summarize those conditions which vitally influence the general characteristics of the Brazilian educational system and the nature of instructional technology in this major developing country of the world.…

Author believes that if the Open University continues to be successful, it can hardly fail to exert a powerful influence on the future development of higher education in Great Britain. (Author/HB)

Article describes how objectives were transplanted from one established course to another course, adjusted in accordance to the aim of the new course, and then used as a tool in the planning, teaching and evaluation of the new course. (Author)

Author argues that a fundamental problem in the use of projects appears to be the conflict which arises through endeavouring to combine learning and assessment in the one activity. (Author)