The existence of a "digital divide" in which portions of society do not have sufficient access to technology or the information and skills that technology use imparts was of concern for educators and policy makers even before home computers were easily connected to the Internet. As new technologies (such as broadband Internet access), and new uses…

Classic research methods are ineffective in capturing the dynamic relationships among users, technology, and outcomes for technology integration research. Cognitive research attempts to eliminate environmental variability and test for recall and transferability of knowledge representations. Such approaches lead to arguably ineffective measures…

The requirements of No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) has presented challenges for schools and districts across the United States such as a new need to focus on test scores and student achievement. While all states, districts, and schools face challenges that require them to adjust the structure and delivery of instruction in their schools,…