Today, teacher education programs are faced with a variety of challenges. They must prepare future teachers to meet national and state standards with regard to both content and pedagogy in an era when there is increased emphasis on performance. Further, they must also help pre-service teachers learn to use technology and develop their…

Transferring face-to-face courses into Web-based courses is a trend in higher education. Whether this course transition is for distance education or for resident instruction, faculty members play a critical role in the process. Faculty members not only provide lesson content, but important insights into how content has been best presented in…

Animation is being used extensively for instructional purposes; however, it has not been found to be effective on measures of higher order learning (concepts, rules, procedures) within the knowledge acquisition and knowledge integration domains. The purpose of this study was to examine the instructional effectiveness of two visual scaffolding…