This article describes the importance of examining the internal, original, and external context of a photograph. The article concludes by showing how students can be helped to understand internal context. (JDH)

This article describes how recent changes in public support for art have diversified and expanded the role of art in everyday life. Maintains that this new presence of art in society has created the need for revitalizing art education. (JDH)

This article examines why both the individual-centered and discipline-centered approaches to art education lack social relevance. Maintains that the lack of a social orientation in these two approaches is due to our social context and our capitalistic system. Proposes that democratic principles serve as the basis of a socially relevant,…

Argues for a broad conception of art education to include integration with other subjects. Provides descriptions of integrated units that student teachers have developed to support humanistic, multicultural, and environmental education. (JDH)

This article provides an analysis of why the arts suffer from a lack of support by school administrators. It includes five recommendations to help maximize acceptance and support for arts education programs. (JDH)

Reviews the nature of middle schools and distinguishes them from junior high schools. Places special emphasis on the role of art in the middle school's curriculum in order to achieve knowledge, skill, and personal development goals. (JDH)

Urges teachers to resist common adolescent desires to copy or trace figures rather than draw them freehand. Cites evidence supporting the need for drawing instruction in the middle school. (JDH)

Reports the results of a survey of 146 junior and senior high school teachers' experiences in teaching art history. Includes data on art history teaching preparation, how teachers typically include art history in their classes, and teachers' perceptions of resources which help them teach art history. (JDH)

This article presents a system for organizing observations on the art performance of special education children. Included are samples of three data collection charts. Stresses using such data in prescribing appropriate instruction. (JDH)

This article describes a program of the Herron Gallery of Contemporary Art and the Art Education Department at Indiana University-Indianapolis. Called the "Art-to-School Program," it provides experiences with contemporary art for public school students in grades K through 12. (JDH)

This article recommends fundamental changes in the way art is perceived in our society. The author argues for increasing the role of visualization and emphasizing visual thinking at all levels of the school curriculum. (JDH)

Based on John Rogers' 1887 painted plaster sculpture called "Checkers Up at the Farm," this lesson seeks to introduce primary-level students to the idea of sculpture in the round and how sculpture can communicate ideas, emotions, and values. (JDH)

This lesson uses Duane Hanson's 1971 lifelike sculpture, "Businessman," to introduce students in grades four through six to art as a reflection of the everyday world around them. (JDH)

This lesson uses Ben Shahn's 1967 painting, "The Passion of Sacco and Vanzetti," to illustrate the role of the artist as a social critic to students in grades seven through nine. (JDH)

Based on Maynard Dixon's oil painting, "Free Speech," this lesson attempts to expand high school students' understanding of art as a social commentary and the use of works of art to convey ideas and ideals. (JDH)