Believes that the concepts of the arts have contributed to the difficulty in rationalizing the arts as a civic investment and educational issue. States that during the twentieth century the distance between the public and the arts has grown. (CMK)

Explores three lessons that can be learned about arts education during the twentieth century: (1) the decentralization of education in the United States; (2) developing student competence in performing and creating art; and (3) the importance of quality above quantity. (CMK)

Addresses issues in music education during the twentieth century. Focuses on the impact of the national standards, the working conditions and environment for music teachers, and the effects of educational policy making by politicians and the business community. States that a lesson learned is that arts educators cannot rely on outside group…

Describes the Transforming Education through the Arts Challenge (TETAC) initiative. Discusses issues to be addressed if change in arts education is to be achieved, specifically teacher preparation, professional development, networking, and standards and accountability. (CMK)

Describes two approaches to educational change: (1) the linear, input-output model that focuses on the output of academic achievement measured by standardized tests; and (2) the ecological model that focuses on the school as an ecosystem composed of classroom ecosystems. Discusses four reasons why the arts are necessary for the renewal of schools.…

Discusses the development of the concept arts education. Provides an example of an exemplary district wide arts education program in a Vancouver (Washington) school district as a context for comments on factors regarding districtwide implementation in other school districts. Addresses what constitutes a districtwide arts education program. (CMK)

Focuses on the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) (California) experiences for understanding how the arts must compete for resources. Explores how a cluster of schools in Los Angeles tried to implement visual arts programs addressing the Getty-Fairfax Project (a K-12 arts education project) in detail. (CMK)

Reflects on the balancing act among the methodological, practical, and political forces in the arts that affect evaluation, focusing on evaluations of systemic reform. Discusses the meaning of systemic reform and the special requirements added when the arts are the main force behind the education changes. Offers an illustration. (CMK)

Explores a set of principles as a guide to art interpretation in "Criticizing Art: Understanding the Contemporary." States that responding to works of art is a means to interpretation, focuses on personal and communal interpretations, and addresses the issues of multiple interpretations of artworks. Includes references. (CMK)

Explores a discussion about the role of arts education in relation to academic achievement in the Netherlands. Focuses on discussion at the elementary school level dealing with the topic of the extended school day, while also addressing discussions at the secondary level related to arts examinations. Includes references. (CMK)

Explores the concept that an understanding of positioning within discursive practices can lead to an understanding of the social construction of self and difference. Presents a study that explored responses from two Year 11 (age 16) visual arts classes in two high schools within New South Wales, Australia. Includes references. (CMK)

Outlines a community-level approach to art education history by examining the art education community. Reviews complexity science concepts and organizational and educational change theory. Discusses the application of community to historical inquiry in the form of community-level studies. Includes references. (CMK)

Describes a case study in which third-grade children (n=19) examined a series of images of Ndop statues and visual information from the Kuba people of the Democratic Republic of the Congo using art history constructivist inquiry methods. Presents the results in detail. Includes references. (CMK)

Comments on the article, "The Unexplored: Art Education Historians' Failure to Consider the Southwest" (Peter Smith). Discusses art education sources on historical research that were omitted from the article. Addresses the difficulties in the value placed on historical research in the southwestern United States. (CMK)

Examines an after-school intergenerational art program in Lower East Harlem, New York. Residents, aged 62 and older, and secondary school students participated together in social service, oral history, and art making. Found that interactions between teenagers and seniors in art-related activities resulted in several positive educational and social…