Every child deserves a great school. When kids fail or schools fail, parents must engage and help restore them to the path of success. That assistance is especially called-for during a process called "Restructuring"--a status in federal law that requires schools to make major changes due to dreadful student test scores year-after-year. An increasing number of schools find themselves on the brink of Restructuring--and struggling with the dramatic overhauls required by the No Child Left Behind Act ("NCLB," for short). Here is the background: NCLB/ESEA requires every school in the country to make "adequate yearly progress," otherwise known as "AYP." The AYP target means a majority of each school's students must have at least the minimum acceptable score on state exams. If that doesn't happen, schools must make changes. If a school fails to meet expectations for five years in a row, then Restructuring is the penalty. This background brief will help parents understand what Restructuring is, what they should know about it, and what they can do about it. Congress will likely be making changes to the law before the end of 2010, but for now, this is what applies. (Contains 26 endnotes.)