Value neutrality and values clarification fail to foster critical thinking about values. The values articulation approach identifies the rationality that is applied to value claims. It avoids noncognitivism and moral relativism and suggests ways the discussion of values in the classroom prepares students to deal with broader moral issues. (VM)

To revitalize the civic mission of education, schools must teach the morality of citizenship. Civic morality must be the first priority in the liberal and professional education of teachers and administrators. The core of all curriculum must stress the obligations and rights of democratic citizenship. (VM)

Children need to acquire the qualities of determination, carefulness, concentration, self-restraint, patience, conscientiousness, and endurance. These aspects of personal capability are important to the moral life in schools and thus should be part of their ethos. They must be modeled by teachers as ways to overcome and avoid difficulties. (VM)

The concept of morality in American schools needs revising. Caring should be the moral orientation to teaching and the aim of moral education. Teachers and students should spend more time modeling, dialoguing, practicing, and confirming so that trust will develop. This model can also encourage collaborative inquiry between teachers and…

School reform has served to solve organizational problems of schools, but not the moral ones. Reforms in two high schools are presented using the Durkheimian model of morality. These schools changed emphasis to focus on the world for which the students were being prepared. This stress on reality strengthened the reform efforts. (VM)

Many current school problems arise from a desiccated sense of institutional purpose that fosters student and teacher alienation. A regeneration rather than reform is in order. This essay mixes research findings, personal concerns, and individual speculations to provide educators an entry point for further discussion regarding the moral life of…

Forms of organized authority that eclipse freedom of thought and action exist as a possibility in both public and private schooling. Historical patterns of resistance to public authority through private schooling are examined. Greater attention to democratic versus authoritarian aspects of socialization is much needed in discussions of school…

Examines the role of teacher effects in mastery-learning research. A review of the literature reveals the following: (1) failure to control for teacher effects; (2) tendency to redefine teaching as managing; and (3) tendency to reduce teaching from a professional to a technical field. (Author/BJV)

Analysis of first-grade reading instruction reveals that teaching contains important technological elements, which can be formulated as principles expressing coherent connections between means and ends; they pervade school-system organization and are not restricted to classes. Teaching is not largely intuitive, unpredictable, or resistant to…

Reviews hierarchical linear models that have been developed to address problems of the measurement of change and the unit of analysis in educational research. Introduces a three-level hierarchical model that should constitute the basic paradigm for future quantitative research on student learning. (Author/BJV)

This study tested six propositions for which empirical support is expected if an IQ meritocracy governs the process of socioeconomic achievement. Results indicated that the model of an IQ meritocracy is only partially supported. (Author/DB)

Varied reactions within Richmond, California, to efforts to achieve racially balanced schools were analyzed in this article. The authors state their intention was to unravel the complexities of a policy problem in one community--not to pronounce unequivocal judgment on resolutions achieved. (Author/DB)

This article investigates California legislation to make school financing fiscally neutral. Intradistrict financial practices and policies are investigated and a method to analyze decision making in school districts is outlined. It is maintained that this methodology yields testable hypotheses about the consequences of school-site councils and…

This article (1) defines "experiential learning" and some of its properties, purposes, and forms; (2) proposes a framework for thinking about evaluating educational programs; and (3) offers recommendations for future research to explore the value of experiential learning, guide program development, and increase knowledge about youth socialization…