In the nineteenth century, Spain was a backward, rural country. Catalonia, by contrast, was industrialising rapidly. Catalan workers suffered from poor wages, worse conditions, exploited child and female labour, and unfit housing. In 1909 Barcelona erupted in a whole week of general strike and riots against the sending of Catalan reservists to…

A community project in England teaches gardening to low-income people interested in growing their own food. The workshops also provide informal basic skills training. (SK)

Explores the different meanings lifelong learning takes on when viewed from the following perspectives: training, personal development, unions, communities, institutions, and individuals. (SK)

Several British initiatives for workplace learning (University for Industry, Individual Learning Accounts, employee development) have common goals: widening participation, recognizing adult learning as a key to social inclusion, providing equal opportunities, and extending guidance provision for adults. (SK)

Interviews at three British further education colleges demonstrate that the meanings of impartiality in preentry adult guidance change with the context. Impartiality is challenged by lack of statutory provision for adult guidance, lack of outreach, and the question of whether impartial guidance is more likely in high-demand courses. (SK)

Employee development programs that encourage learning that is not necessarily work related benefit employers through improved motivation, commitment, and morale, if work-related training is also offered. Less-skilled, less-educated employees have the most to gain. (SK)

The legislated abolition of the Inner London Education Authority (ILEA) has resulted in a catastrophic decline in adult education, a market approach as opposed to ILEA's equal opportunities policies, reduction in staff, and narrowing of curricular focus. (SK)

Job-specific training is the minimum demanded of workplace education. The growth of employees' confidence and self-esteem and expansion of their educational aspirations are major benefits of more broadly based employee development programs. (SK)

Looks at the current fashion in language used to describe and promote adult education. Suggests that "professionalism" supports high-cost training for those who can afford it and wholesale destruction of adult education services for those with the least experience, but great need, of successful education and training. (SK)