Distribution of primary school enrollments within and among 15 countries of the Eastern African region was examined by drawing exclusively on routine annual statistics and by emphasizing simple computer-generated indicators. In its first phase, the study made inter-country comparisons that indicated which countries and which areas in the region lagged in terms of educational opportunities. Thereafter, the focus of the investigation shifted to the individual countries: Botswana, Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan (and, separately, the southern region of the Sudan), Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, and Zambia. Two basic questions were asked: (1) What is the overall degree of inequality in the distribution of primary school enrollments across the districts and between the sexes within countries? and, (2) Which specific districts, urban versus rural locations, and sex groups within these areas fall below or above the national average, and by how much? The main finding was that the degree of inequality in the distribution of educational opportunities varied enormously from one East African country to another. Two countries, Lesotho and Sudan, representing the full range of relatively equal and unequal cases, were reviewed in more depth. Finally, attempts were made to determine how and where to allocate educational investments in order to reduce inequalities both among and within countries. (Author/RH)