To understand and comprehend the extent of the present and potential impact of energy costs on New York State's educational system, a study sought to discover the record of schools in energy conservation; their participation in federal and state conservation initiatives; the factors that inhibit school participation in energy conservation activities; and implications for the future. For comparative purposes, an energy database was established by obtaining descriptions of other states' policies and programs; by compiling energy-specific data from New York schools; by interviewing school energy officials; and by analyzing in depth one school district's adjustment to increased energy costs. The study found a lack of specific energy consumption and cost data, confusion about responsibility, and minimal responsiveness toward energy conservation. The data also indicated that only one school in four submitting a grant proposal received funds. Recommendations include creation of a state energy conservation policy, provision of incentives to local schools, and encouragement of community energy education at the local level. In addition, each school should have an energy emergency contingency plan, and the state should encourage the schools to use alternative renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and wood. (MLF)