This booklet was produced in response to the growing need for reliable environmental assessment techniques that can be applied to small-scale development projects. The suggested techniques emphasize low-technology environmental analysis. Although these techniques may lack precision, they can be extremely valuable in helping to assure the success of small-scale development projects. Tests that deal with significant features of soil and water are discussed. These include: (1) soil pH; (2) soil texture; (3) percolation; (4) dissolved minerals; (5) sodium in water; and (6) coliform bacteria. Each test contains background information, a materials list, suggested procedures and an interpretation section. A field practice data sheet and a situation data sheet are also included. (ML)