The effects of secularisation on society demand a rethinking of the identity and mission of Catholic schools in France. In 2013, the French bishops published a new directory which offers new approaches, described here, based on the three challenges facing Catholic education in France: linking social responsibility and evangelisation, setting up educational communities to carry out the Church's mission and forming teachers. These challenges can be summed up in just one: working out new educational practices which will transform schools into social models of charity in the name of the Kingdom of God.