Presented are the results of a national study of Canadian children with emotional and learning disorders, who number 12% of the Canadian population up to 19 years of age, or no less than 1,000,000 children, who need attention, treatment, and care. The category includes children with neurotic or psychotic or behavior disorders, learning disabilities, mental retardation, sensory or physical handicaps likely to cause secondary emotional or learning problems, and cultural or emotional deprivation, and also delinquents. Studied were the needs of such children, the present patterns of care and services (including both education and social services) provided, the problems involved in establishing effective services, new approaches being used in Canada and elsewhere. Recommendations are made for more fully realizing the enunciated objectives. Field visits constituted the main source of data collection by the multi-disciplinary investigating committee. (KW)