There are many advantages supporting the use of computers as an alternate mode of delivery for high stakes testing: cost savings, increased test security, flexibility in test administrations, innovations in items, and reduced scoring time. The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of computers as the mode of delivery had any significant effect on student performance. In addition to looking for an overall test mode effect, the test mode effect was measured within sub-populations i.e., gender, race, students receiving special education services, students receiving free or reduced priced meals, and students with limited English proficiency. This was accomplished by comparing the tests scores of students on a grade five and grade eight high stakes state science test. The study utilized a quantitative, single-variable comparability design. Because the assignment of the mode of delivery was not random, a quasi-experimental approach was taken utilizing a matched sampling technique. Analysis of variance using the state reading test as a covariant, as well as t-test for independent samples indicated a lack of significant difference in test scores between administration mode with the exception of grade eight males and grade eight students receiving free or reduced priced meals. In both cases, the differences slightly favored the use of computers. Considering the advantages of the use of the computers within the assessment process, this study found nothing preventing its continued usage. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]