The purpose of this report is to assemble basic statistics on highly qualified manpower resources in Canada, especially focusing on scientists and engineers, for the development of policies and research in this field. The economic background contributing to the growth of the white-collar and professional labor force is discussed, and the roles of immigration and Canada's higher education system in providing this manpower are examined. A wide range of tables presents the data, primarily drawing upon a 1967 national survey of scientists and engineers and recent Canadian censuses. The characteristics and utilization of scientists and engineers are described, specifically analyzing these employment factors: (1) the correlation between field of study and subsequent field of employment, (2) geographical distribution and mobility, and (3) variations in earnings according to age, sex, experience, education, and work function. Data bearing on these factors are also compiled for professional personnel in various health, law, and education fields. (AG)