"Did you have a kid and, if so, how?" is one of the hottest questions everywhere in higher education. Even as women overtake men among Americans receiving doctorates, a substantial body of new research shows that they are being discouraged from careers in academia because the timing and requirements of tenure make it so hard to raise families. In response, some universities have found a compelling reason to consider major changes in the tenure system--their own self-interest. Not only are they competing for the best prospective scholars to replace a growing number of faculty retirees; these universities are also wary of the kind of bad publicity that comes with missteps such as former Harvard University President Lawrence Summers's fateful contention that innate differences between the sexes might be responsible for the smaller number of men than women in the sciences and math. Pressure to change the system has gained momentum from Summers's comments themselves. Another impetus is men's growing involvement in child rearing--and, therefore, their increasing stake in workplace flexibility. In this article, the author discusses how institutions can make it easier for women academics to balance family responsibilities with their careers.