A substantial proportion of adolescent schizophrenia patients also has obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). As the reliability of OCD identification in schizophrenia has been challenged, we evaluated insight into OCD symptoms and awareness of schizophrenia, using the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale and the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder respectively, in 22 adolescent inpatients who met DSM-IV criteria for both schizophrenia and OCD. Awareness of illness was also assessed in a comparison group of 22 non-OCD adolescent schizophrenia patients. Nineteen (86.3%) schizo-obsessive patients exhibited good or fair insight into OCD, while only 3 patients revealed lack of insight. Roughly 30% of patients in the two schizophrenia groups with and without OCD exhibited unawareness of schizophrenia, indicating that the presence of OCD does not substantially modify global awareness of illness. The effect size of the correlation between insight into OCD and awareness of schizophrenia in the schizo-obsessive group was small and not statistically significant. Our findings support the notion that OCD in adolescent schizophrenia patients represent an identifiable dimension of psychopathology independent of core schizophrenia symptoms. Early identification of this potentially treatable syndrome is imperative for appropriate diagnosis and treatment of this unique subset of schizophrenia patients.