The authors describe a study of families in the Family Drug Treatment Court (FTDC), an effort to promote permanent placement for substance-exposed infants within time requirements mandated by the 1997 Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA). The purpose of the study was to evaluate parent functioning after FTDC involvement, infant developmental outcomes, and the stability of permanent placements for substance-exposed infants. Preliminary data reveal that the majority of the children in the study are with their biological parents, and the court has made permanent placements within ASFA timelines. But there is also evidence that, with the passage of time, infants experience disruptions in their permanent placements.