The principal aspects that characterize the illiteracy problem in 14 Latin American and Caribbean countries and the achievements of 22 currently established literacy programs were determined through a 1981 UNESCO study. The purpose of this study was to obtain data useful in the planning of future literacy programs. Section one identifies illiteracy rates and notes the years in which literacy programs were instituted. Section two contains information concerning: (1) various program proposals; (2) structure organization, planning, strategy, and educational methodologies; (3) instructional materials; (4) cost and financing; and (5) program evaluations. Section three addresses specific program results in relation to established goals and obstacles, and section four describes projections for 1986-1990. Conclusions are presented in section five and indicate that between 1970 and 1980: (1) illiteracy rates dropped from 28 to 19 percent; (2) over two million persons achieved literacy; (3) illiteracy is highest among rural and female populations; and (4) efforts at reducing minority population illiteracy were not effective. Future projections indicate a need for governmental support, increased participant interest, additional human resources, and adequate materials. Goals, established for 1986-2000, include efforts to increase literacy by over one million persons annually and to eliminate illiteracy by the year 2000. Tables and the survey questionnaire are included. (JHP)