Twenty-two 3-year-olds, 36 4-year-olds, and eight 5-year-olds were given the option of using two computers with selected, sequenced software games as one of their free-choice or work time activities. During the last half of the 33-week long study, children were also introduced to a floor turtle robot, a standing robot, and to Logo activities. Children's "computer success" was measured in terms of hardware use, software use, program interest, and robot use and simple Logo language programming skills. Most of the children were successful in the first three categories, representing those types of microcomputer activities most common in preschool classrooms. The data further indicated that females score higher overall on computer competency and interest than males do, while males score somewhat higher than females on performing robot tasks. Observational data also were collected on possible limitations and benefits of using microcomputers with young children. Benefits include familiarizing children with the technological world that they will know as adults, individualization of learning experiences, provision of immediate feedback, and the motivation of parental interest in the program. Computer use with preschoolers also decreases interaction between and among students, places considerable demands on teachers' time, and requires considerable prompting behavior of teachers. (RH)