Geronimo's surrender in 1886 ended some 200 years' warfare against encroaching white man in that broad area abutting the Rocky Mountains. Thus, the free-roaming period of Apache life, marked by repeated instances of bad faith and broken treaties, was ended and the Jicarilla Apaches were delivered to their reservation in northern New Mexico. The first 25 years on the reservation, from 1887 to 1912, was a period of adjustment, when tribal religious beliefs continued to dominate Apache culture. From 1912 to 1937, life changed from a bare subsistence level to the beginnings of better conditions. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, adopted by the Apaches in 1937, opened the door to Indian self-government. The former Wirt Trading Post became the Jicarilla Cooperative Enterprise and the Apaches, whose life-style had been based on sharing and living for the present, began to accept such Western concepts as acquiring and building for the future. Then, during Eisenhower's administration, the Indian regained his personal dignity when he was encouraged to enter the mainstream of American life by going off the reservation or by remaining at home to join the labor market provided for him. With the organization of an intertribal pressure group, The National Council of American Indians, the Indian voice is now being heard. Before the fourth 25-year period of this Apache history ends in 1987, it is expected that dependence on the paternalism of the Federal Government will be a thing of the past. (Author/LS)