Reporting long-term ophthalmologic sequelae among ex-prematures at 6 to 10 years of age, this study compares 42 ex-premature infants who had had regressed forms of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) during the neonatal period with 42 matched non-ROP ex-premature controls at 6 to 10 years of age. Subjects were subdivided into four groups: (1) ROP plus ophthalmologic disorders in later life; (2) ROP without ophthalmologic disorders in later life; (3) non-ROP wtih opthalmologic disorders in later life; and (4) non-ROP without ophthalmologic disorders in later life. The overall incidence of ophthalmologic problems was 55 percent in the ROP group and 36 percent in the non-ROP group. Strabismus, amblyopia and refraction anomalies occurred more frequently in the ROP group. In the ROP group, a significantly greater number of children had decreased vision in one or both eyes, compared to the non-ROP group. Although the incidence of ophthalmologic problems in the ROP group was considerably higher, the incidence in the non-ROP group still turned out unexpectedly high. This implies that non-ROP very low birth weight neonates should also be considered to be at a greatly increased risk for later visual problems. Regular ocular examinations, mandatory for the ROP group, thus should be inluded in follow-up programs of non-ROP very low birthweight neonates as well. (RH)