The Appalachian Volunteers (AV's), conceived of by Federal, State, and private interests in February 1964, were sponsored by the Council of the Southern Mountains. The organization undertook weekend and vacation projects using college students to repair and renovate one-room schools in isolated areas of eastern Kentucky, later including summer projects such as renovational, recreational, remedial, and curriculum enrichment programs. In May 1966, the AV's broke with the council because of different interpretations of the degree of activism by the volunteers. This study explains the creation, historical development, and demise of the AV's, completing a historical case study of the AV's involvement in central Appalachia's poverty fight. Certain types of unobtrusive data serve as the primary sources of information about the organization. Available documents such as the constitution, bylaws, and its revisions; minutes of board and staff meetings; memos; letters; and newspaper accounts indicate changes in the organization's goals, structure, and strategies. The typology of the relationship between goals, structure, and strategies developed by Rein and Morris was used. The study attempts to ascertain and analyze factors contributing to specific changes and their interrelatedness. Some assessment of the adequacy of the Rein and Morris typology for dealing with this problem is also made. (NQ)